Permanent waving apparatus



Sept. 27, 1932- G. E. BJORKMAN ET AL 1,879,653

PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 7, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept- 27, 1932. G. i: BJORKMAN ET AL 1,879,653

PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 7, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORi 2 BY W W f:x- AT NEY Sept. 27, 1932. G. E. BJORKMAN ET AL PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed Dec. '7, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 wNTOR BY 294, 21x1. I

QJ*WWWQ W A RNEY Patented Sept. 27, 19552 EDWARD BJORKMAN,

PERllEll'T AFB;

Application filed December-2F, lio, erases,

This invention relates to apparatus adapt= ed for application in the art of permanent waving.

Up to the present time, there have been several types of apparatus used in the permanent waving industry involving electrical and stearn heating. These devices are classifiable in two groups, one of which is known as the'exterior heating device, in which a curler carrying hair is enclosed within a heating chamber or shell, from which chamber or shell steam or dry heat is imparted to the hair. The other of said groups comprises the so-called interior heated type,

5 wherein the curler upon which the hair is wound is heated from the interior, the curler being enclosed ina shield. In both cases, however, where electrical heating is applied, that is either internally or externally of the 20 curler, the respective curler units are each connected to an independent source of electricity, and are independently operable one of the other. v i

In each of the above apparatus, the respec-v Q; tive elements to be applied to one strand of hair are separable and not interrelated, but merely replaceable one for the other, with the result that the apparatus in present use'comprises a conglomerate mass of curlers, shield,

5 electrical connection, etc., all of which are separable, and due to their disorderly and cumbersome formation, cause consi'deralole diificulty in assemblage-for use.

It is an object of this invention to provide as for an apparatus so arranged'electrically as to provide for a series connection between each and every one of the curlers, and so ar= ranged structurally so as to rovide a simply assembled kit, from which t e operator may 40 remove the various individual v elements adapted for use with a minimum of edort and the maximum of efliciency.

Specifically, it is an object of this invention to provide for a hair waving apparatus 4 in the form of a kit, wherein all of the curlers are assembled in allotted compartments in a manner so as to be used as control elements for the current, and capable of removal with" out adecting the current, for use on individual strands or series of strands of hair,

plication or"- all the curler elements, either as ihdlhhd Still iurther, it is an object of this invention to provide for a novel structural "formationoi a hair waving kit, wherein the elec trical functioning elementsare assembled in a unitary kit structure, so that the individual curler elements may be removed for utilization upon the hair to he waved, while the remaining curler elements are retained in position in the kit, to car on an electrical lunction in conjunction with those'applied to the hair Still further, it is an object Oran invention to provide for a novel form of connector elements used in conjunction with a series of curlers, each of which forms an electrical control instrumentin the Mt, whereby a conconstant determined electrical efiect is imparted to any number of curlers as applied to the strands f hair of the patient, irrespective of the number of such curlers.

Still further, it is aimed to provide a systern for supplying heat for permanent waving through electrical medium wherein the electrical sheet is constant, due to the ap- Hi heater elements or as resistance elements, both of which additively combine to give a constant electrical sheet. 5

Still further, it is aimed to provide a novel form of apparatus in the form, of a hit for as hair waving apparatus, wherein the control of the current, and the meter for indicatin the condition oi the current are contained in a single hit assembly.

Still further, it is aimed to provide a novel 85 form of curler and shield assembly, whereby it will he possible to maintain a constant and even distribution of heat without losses along the entire strand of hair wound about the curler,

These and other advantages, capabilities and features of the invention will appear from the subjoined detail description of one specific embodiment therefor illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figure l is a side elevation partly in section of the hit,

liigure is a plan view of the hit with the cover Figure 3 is a side elevation showing a de= tail of the bus-bar connection and curler support.

Figure 3A is a plan view of the spring stamping.

Figure 3B is a perspective .view of the spring stamping as shaped.

Figure 4 is an end elevation in section taken along lines 4-4 of Figure '1.

Figure 5 is a second end View taken in section along lines 5-5 of Figure 1, at the other end of the device.

Figure 6 is a plan view showing the assembly of the curler and shield.

Figure 7 is a plan view showing the connecting member between the resistance unit in the kit and the curlers as applied to the air.

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic electrical cir- 1ciuit indicating the electrical functions of the Figure 9 is a side elevation in section of the shield and clamp as applied.

Referring to the reference characters in the drawings, numeral 10 represents a portable casing, which for the purposes of this invention may be provided with one or more sections, so that the electrical apparatus may be disposed in its circuit functioning posltion in the lower section, and in which a replaceable tray, shown -as at 11, carrying the shields, clips, connecting wires, solutions, .etc., may be carried, so that the complete hair waving apparatus may be enclosed in ah easily portable kit, wherein all the elements are positioned in an assembly whereby the operator may apply thesame with a maximum of convenience.

Referring in more detail to Figures 1 to 3B, there are mounted along the side walls 12 and 12 of the kit a plurality of strips 13 and 13' formed of an insulating material, preferably of the nature of a phenolic condensation product.

Referring in detail to Figure 3, in which a detail is shown of one of these strips 13, there are formed in said strips, as in the molding process, a series of slots A, alternate slots having formed long neck portions A1, and having the main portions thereof disposed at a position below that of the main portions of the remaining slots.

The slots have rounded base portions A2 merging into narrow connecting channels A3 leading to bulging portions A4, thence to channel portions 5 at their open end extremities.

The apertures on opposite strips are positioned so as to have, similar upper and lower positions of alternate slots, whereby the curler elements C, carried therein, as will be later described, will be positioned in two distinct shelves or layers.

In each of these slots A, there are positioned spring members B, which spring mem- ,bers are formed, as shown in Figures 3A and 3B of a strip of stamped metal, which stamped metal is bent over from position shown in Figure 3A to that shown in 3B, wherein we have provided a substantially circular base portion B1, which is adapted to rest in the cutout portion A2 of the slot, a neck portion B2 which is adapted to rest in the channel A3 of the slot, and free end portions B3 which are adapted to expand outwardly within the bulges A4 of the slot,

there being provided V-notches B4 in the portions B2 of the spring within the channel A3 for the purpose of retainin the contacting with the prong ends (fl of the curler C.

The projection B5 of the stamping shown in Figure 3A is bent to position perpendicularly of the body of the strip B to the position shown in Figures 3Band 3, so that projection B5 is substantially parallel to the walls of the strips 13 and 13, whereby connecting bus-bars D between adjacent upper and lower disposed springs in. the slots may be assembled in electrical contact with the projections B5 through the medium of screws B7 which pass through apertures in the busbars and apertures B6 of the projection B5 of the spring as shown in Figure 3.

Although only one strip carrying slots in which the springs and interconnecting bus-bars are disposed is disclosed in Figure 3, it should be understood that both strips 13 and 13' are the same in structural formation, and have the slots and springs in the same relationship, but the bus-bars in the inverse relationship, so that current, as will be later described, will flow through the respective curlers in series.

Referring to Figures 2, 4, 6, and 8, the curlers C are composed of substantially cylinder elements formed of a phenolic condensation product, having the sides curved concavely inwardly towards the center, the said curlers having imbedded in said phenolic condensation product resistance wires C2, the ends of which are either integral with or have fastened thereto the prongs C1, the wire being so formed as to provide areas of dense resistance winding G3 at the ends, and sparse winding at the center C4. At one end of said curler,,there is formed a gripping portion C5, and adjacent said end, clamp C6, (see Figure 7 is journalled by means of trunnions C7 projecting in apertures C8 formed therein.

As shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, the curler members are adapted to be positioned in two rows or layers (see Figure 4), whereby the prongs C1 thereof are adapted to rest in ridges B4 of parallelly disposed springs on opposing strips 13 and 13, so that con tact may be made from curler to curler in the kit by means of the interconnection of the respective alternate springs through busbars D.

invents Beneath the strips in the casing 10, and resting on thebase of said casing, there is supported as by means of bearing supports 14 and 14, a resistance element lit which is formed of an insulating body R1 carrying wire R2, there being provided a sliding bar R3 passing along guideway Gformed on side 12 of the kit, which sliding bar controls the current passing through the resistance (see Figure 8) An ammeter is positioned on a shelf 15 supported on bracket 16 at the end of the casing 10, which ammeter, as shown in Figure 8,.is incircuit with the resistance; a switch N is disposed on shelf 15 and like wise is in circuit with the a'mmeter of the resistance. v

Referring now particularly to Figure 7, a plug element P is provided which is essentially a conducting strip P1, having prongs F2 formed at the ends thereof, imbedded in a phenolic condensation body of a shape similar to the curlers, there being also provided a short-circuiting contact P3, which is connected to the center of the conducting member 191 and leads to cable P ll, which cable is adapted to be plugged in or contacted with a terminal T in the circuit, as shown in Figure 8, so as to readily cut out all conducting springs and apertures to the right of the plug, as shown in Figure 8, and to provide for a conducting circuit from the resistances retained in series in the casing with the durlers which are taken out.

Referring to Figure 6, each curler C which is desired to be used is removed from the kit,

and is mounted within a shield U com, rising.

' on by means of clamp C6, and turned up, by

gripping and rotating the handle C5, so as to form a roll ready for the waving operation, said curler carrying the roll of hair being then disposed within the shield and the upper free ends thereofbeing clamped by means of a second clip U5, as shown in Figure 6. Connecting plugs M, having wires M1 leading therefrom, are adapted to be inserted over prongs C1 of the curlers taken out of the casing, and inserted in the circuit, as for instance, any one of the curlers shown in the lower part of Figure-8.

The operation of the device is as follows: I The operator removes asmany curlers as will be ap lied to the hair of the patient, begining at t e ri ht end of the casing, and then inserts lug P in-the place of the last curler remove reading towards the left' (see Figure 8); The strand of hair to be waved is wound about the curler by the operator, and the curler G inserted in the shield U, and clipped by means of clip U2. Gonnections are made from the end of one curler as applied to the hair of the patient to the positioned end of the next adjacent curler, so as to provide a series winding by means of con necting wires M1 as shown in the bottom of Figure Connections in the circuit are made by wires M2 which, as shown in Figure 8, may be of length suflicient to make for an arrangement whereby the operator may be able to carry out the waving process without incorr venience to the patient,

As shown in the upper portion of Figure 8, the curlers remaining in the kit are retained in circuit, in series with respect to one another, through the medium of disposing the bus-bars D in such a manner that adjacent curlers are interconnected at oneend only,

whereby the current coming in from the city main lead L passes through terminal Ll. into right-angular bus-bar member D3 leading to the first of said springs shown diagrammatically as r igure 8, ich spring is directly oppositely disposed to the first spring shown the left of Figure 3, The second terminal L2 from the main line L comes to one end of the resistance (see Figure Switch S, as shown in Figure 5, is disposed on shelf 15 and has the well-known type of connection within the circuit to function electrically as indicated in Figure 8, terminals L3 and 1A connecting the curlers to be used in the waving of the hair with those remaining in the casing, and serving as resistances, are disposed on shelf 15, whereby the wires to be used to make the circuit with the curlers serving as heaters may be made with a minimum of inconvenience.

It is obvious that various changes and modifications may be made to the details of construction without departing from the general spirit of the invention "as set forth in the appended claims, 1

We claim:

1. An apparatus adapted for permanent waving of hair, comprising a kit havin positioned .therein'a plurality of strips 0 insulating material, receptacles formed along said strips, terminals positioned in said receptacles, adjacent receptacles being located in upper and lower planes, the receptacles in the respective strips being in the same plane, means for connecting adjacent terminals therein in pairs, the connections-of pairs of terminals with respective stripsbeing such that terminals in opposing receptacles are not connected to the same respective adjacent terminals, curler units having resistance elements forming heating means therein, said curler elements having prongs fitting into said receptacles and forming contact with the terminals. therein, whereby said curlers are lltl supported between said strips, means for passing current from amain electric line to one of said terminals, said current being adapted to pass through the respective curler elements in series, and a resistance connected in series with the last terminal, said resistance being adapted to lead to the main line.

2. An apparatus adapted for permanent waving, comprising a casing having a plurality of strips mounted on opposite walls thereof, receptacles containing resilient conductors disposed in zig-zag formation along each of said strips opposing receptacles and conductors contained therein being in the same plane, adjacent conductors in the receptacles being connected in pairs, the pairing of conductors in one strip being in advance of that on the other strip, curler elements having electrical resistance elements imbedded therein supported at their ends, in the conductors in opposing receptacles, means for connecting a source of current to two conductors, one at each end of said strips, whereby said curlers will be connected in series with respect to the electric current passing thereto, some maining curlers.

3. An apparatus adapted for permanent waving, comprising a casing having a plurality of strips mounted on opposite walls thereof, receptacles containing resilient conductors disposed in zig-zag formation along each of said strips, opposing receptacles and conductors contained therein being in the same plane, adjacent conductors in the receptacles being connected in pairs, the pairing of conductors in one strip being in advance of that on the other strip, curler elements having electrical resistance elements imbedded therein supported at their ends, in the conductors in opposing receptacles, means for connecting a source of current to two conductors, one at each end of said strips, whereby said curlers will be connected in series with respect to the electric current passing thereto, some of said curlers being adapted to be removed from the casing for winding hair thereon While still in series connection with the remaining curlers, and a conductor element adapted to be positioned in the easing so as to complete the circuit between the curlers retained in the casing and those re-i moved for treating the hair.

4:. An apparatus adapted for permanent Waving, comprising a casing having a plurality of strips mounted on opposite walls thereof, receptacles containing resilient conductors disposed in zig-Zag formation along each of said strips, opposing receptacles and conductors contained therein being in the same plane, adjacent conductors in the receptacles being connected in pairs, the pairing of conductors in one strip being in ad Vance of that on the other strip, curler elements having electrical resistance-elements imbedded therein supported at their ends, in the conductors in opposing receptacles, means for connecting a source of current to two conductors, one at each end of said strips, whereby said curlers will be connectr ed in series with respect to the electric current passing thereto, some of said curlers being adapted to be removed from the casing for winding hair thereon while still in series connection with the remaining curlers, there being provided a conductor element adapted to be positioned in the casing so as to complete the circuit between the curlers retained in the casing and those removed for treating the hair, and an adjustable rheostat in series with the curlers for controlling the current passed therethrough.

5. An apparatus adapted for permanent Waving of hair, comprising a kit having positioned on opposite sides thereof supporting strips of insulating material, receptacles carrying terminals formed along said strips,

adjacent terminals being in different planes, and alternate terminals in the same plane, adjacent terminals being connected in pairs on each strip, the pairing on one strip beginning at a terminal one in advance of that on the other strip, curlers comprising electrical resistance imbedded in insulating material, and having contact prongs interfitting within opposing terminals, whereby current passing through said curlers may be in series.

6. An apparatus adapted for permanent 3 waving, comprising a kit having formed along the side walls thereof a series of recep-' tacles containing resilient terminals, adjacent terminals being in different planes, alternate terminals in the same plane, the adjacent ter- I minals being connected in pairs on each strip,

the pair on one side beginning at a terminal one in advance of that on the other side,

heater units adapted for disposal in the easing, andv having prongs removably int-erfitting with opposing terminals whereby current passing through said heater units may be 1n series.

7. An apparatus adapt-ed for permanent along the side walls thereof a series of receptacles containing resilient terminals, ad- ]acent terminals being in different planes, alternate terminals in the same plane, the adjacent terminals being connected in pairs on each strlp, the pair on one side beginning at a ternnnal one in advance of that on the other 81 de, heater units adapted for disposal in the cas ng, and having prongs removably interfitting w th opposing terminals whereby current passing through said heater units may be in series, a source of current connected at one end to the first terminal of said terminal series, and a resistance unit to the other end of said terminal series, said resistance being connected to said source whereby a controlled series current may be provided.

8. An apparatus adapted for permanent waving, comp-rising a kit having formed along the side walls thereof a series of receptacles containing resilient terminals, adjacent terminals being in difierent planes, alternate terminals in the same plane, the adjacent terminals being connected in pairs on each strip, the pair on one side beginning at a terminal one inv advance of that on the other side, heater units adapted for disposal in the casing, and having prongs removably interfi"- tingwith opposing terminals whereby current passing through said heater units may be in series, a source of current connected at one end to the first terminal of said terminal series, and a resistance unit to the other end of said terminal series, said resistance being connected to said source whereby a controlled series may be provided, curlers from either end of said kit being removable from the same for waving purposes, the remaining curlers being retained as resistances.

'9. An apparatus adapted for permanent waving, comprising a kit having formed along the side walls thereof a series of receptacles containing resilient terminals, adjacent terminals being in different planes, alternate terminals in the same plane, the adjacent terminals being connected in pairs on each strip, the pair on one side beginning at a terminal one in advance of that on the other side, heater units adapted for disposal in the casing, and having prongs removably 'interfitting with opposing terminals whereby current passing through said heater units may be in series, a source of current connected at one end to the first terminal of said terminal series, and a resistance unit to the other end of said terminal series said resistance being connected to said source whereby a controlled series may be provided, curlers from either end of said kit being removable from the same for waving purposes, the remaining curlers being retained as resistances, there being provided a conductor unit interconnected with the unconnected terminals adjacent the last curler retained in the kit, whereby'to allow for current to pass in series through the kit resistances, and the resistances serving as heaters.

GEORGE EDWVARD BJORKMAN. JOHN GELOSO. 

